Influenza Surveillance Report . The percentage of respiratory specimens testing positive for influenza in clinical laboratories decreased. Pneumonia and Influenza Mortality: The proportion of deaths attributed to pneumonia and influenza (P& I) was below the system- specific epidemic threshold in the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) Mortality Surveillance System. Influenza- associated Pediatric Deaths: One influenza- associated pediatric death was reported. Influenza- associated Hospitalizations: A cumulative rate for the season of 6. Outpatient Illness Surveillance: The proportion of outpatient visits for influenza- like illness (ILI) was 1. All ten regions reported ILI below their region- specific baseline levels. One state experienced low ILI activity; New York City, Puerto Rico, and 4. ILI activity; and the District of Columbia and two states had insufficient data. Geographic Spread of Influenza: The geographic spread of influenza in Guam and five states was reported as regional activity; Puerto Rico and eight states reported local activity; the District of Columbia and 3. U. S. Virgin Islands and one state reported no activity. In addition, public health laboratories also report the influenza A subtype (H1 or H3) and influenza B lineage information for the viruses they test and the age or age group of the persons from whom the specimens were collected. Week 1. 9Data Cumulative since. October 2, 2. 01. Week 4. 0)No. Week 1. Data Cumulative since. October 2, 2. 01. Week 4. 0)No. These data are used to compare how similar currently circulating influenza viruses are to the reference viruses used for developing influenza vaccines, and to monitor for changes in circulating influenza viruses. Historically, HI data have been used most commonly to assess the similarity between reference viruses and circulating viruses to suggest how well the vaccine may work until such a time as vaccine effectiveness estimates are available. This is really great post for watching movies online. I’m movie addict and want to know every site where can watch movies for free, some of this sites are new for. Viruses can be classified into genetic groups/clades based on analysis of their HA gene segments using phylogenetics and key amino acid changes (Klimov Vaccine 2. A proportion of influenza A (H3. N2) viruses don’t yield sufficient hemagglutination titers for antigenic characterization using the hemagglutination inhibition test. Therefore, CDC selects a subset of influenza A (H3. N2) viruses to test using a focus reduction assay for supplementary antigenic characterization. Genetic Characterization. During the 2. 01. United States (Figure, left). Influenza A (H3. N2) virus HA gene segments analyzed belonged to genetic groups 3. C. 2a or 3. C. 3a. Genetic group 3. C. C. 2a. 1. The HA of influenza B/Victoria- lineage viruses all belonged to genetic group V1. A. The HA of influenza B/Yamagata- lineage viruses analyzed all belonged to genetic group Y3. Due to Right Size Roadmap considerations, specimen submission guidance issued to the laboratories request that, if available, 2 influenza A (H1. N1), 2 A influenza (H3. N2), and 2 influenza B viruses be submitted every other week. Because of this, the number of each virus type/subtype characterized should be approximately equal. Common Health Questions. If you want to learn what happens to your body when you eat a food or use a particular substance, read these insightful health articles today. 21.5-inch iMac with Retina 4K display 3.1GHz Processor 1TB Storage. 3.1GHz quad-core Intel Core i5 processor; Turbo Boost up to 3.6GHz; 8GB of onboard memory. In the figure below, the results of tests performed by public health labs are presented on the left and sequence results by genetic group of specimens submitted to CDC are presented on the right. View Chart Data . Among the viruses which reacted poorly with ferret antisera raised against A/Hong Kong/4. A/Switzerland/9. 71. C. 3a. Influenza B Virus . Influenza Vaccine Composition: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the Northern Hemisphere 2. Food and Drug Administration’s Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) subsequently made the influenza vaccine composition recommendation for the United States. It is recommended that quadrivalent vaccines, which have two influenza B viruses, contain the viruses recommended for the trivalent vaccines, as well as a B/Phuket/3. B/Yamagata lineage) virus. This is the same recommendation made for the 2. Southern Hemisphere vaccines, but it does represent an update to the influenza A (H1. N1) component recommended for 2. Northern Hemisphere influenza vaccines. These vaccine recommendations were based on several factors, including global influenza virologic and epidemiologic surveillance, genetic characterization, antigenic characterization, antiviral resistance, and the candidate vaccine viruses that are available for production. Antiviral Resistance: Testing of influenza A (H1. N1)pdm. 09, influenza A (H3. N2), and influenza B virus isolates for resistance to neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir) is performed at CDC using a functional assay. Additional influenza A (H1. N1)pdm. 09 and influenza A (H3. N2) viruses from clinical samples are tested for mutations known to confer oseltamivir resistance. The data summarized below combine the results of both testing methods.
These samples are routinely obtained for surveillance purposes rather than for diagnostic testing of patients suspected to be infected with antiviral- resistant virus. High levels of resistance to the adamantanes (amantadine and rimantadine) persist among influenza A (H1. N1)pdm. 09 and influenza A (H3. N2) viruses (the adamantanes are not effective against influenza B viruses). Therefore, data from adamantane resistance testing are not presented below. Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance Testing Results on Samples Collected Since October 1, 2. Oseltamivir. Zanamivir. Peramivir Virus Samples tested (n)Resistant Viruses, Number (%)Virus Samples tested (n)Resistant Viruses, Number (%)Virus Samples tested (n)Resistant Viruses, Number (%)Influenza A (H1. N1)pdm. 09. 31. 70 (0. Influenza A (H3. N2)2,2. Influenza B7. 89. The majority of recently circulating influenza viruses are susceptible to the neuraminidase inhibitor antiviral medications, oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir; however, rare sporadic instances of oseltamivir- resistant and peramivir- resistant influenza A (H1. N1)pdm. 09 viruses and oseltamivir- resistant influenza A (H3. N2) viruses have been detected worldwide. Antiviral treatment as early as possible is recommended for patients with confirmed or suspected influenza who have severe, complicated, or progressive illness; who require hospitalization; or who are at high risk for serious influenza- related complications. Additional information on recommendations for treatment and chemoprophylaxis of influenza virus infection with antiviral agents is available at http: //www. This percentage is below the epidemic threshold of 7. Background: Weekly mortality surveillance data include a combination of machine coded and manually coded causes of death collected from death certificates. There is a backlog of data requiring manual coding within NCHS mortality surveillance data. The percentages of deaths due to P& I are higher among manually coded records than more rapidly available machine coded records and may result in initially reported P& I percentages that are lower than percentages calculated from final data. Efforts continue to reduce and monitor the number of records awaiting manual coding. Beginning in the week ending October 8, 2. CDC retired the 1. Cities Mortality Reporting System and uses only the NCHS Mortality Surveillance System. Region and state- specific data are available at http: //gis. View Regional and State Level Data . The IHSP began during the 2. H1. N1 pandemic. IHSP sites included IA, ID, MI, OK and SD during the 2. ID, MI, OH, OK, RI, and UT during the 2. MI, OH, RI, and UT during the 2. IA, MI, OH, RI, and UT during the 2. MI, OH, and UT during the 2. The rates provided are likely to be an underestimate as influenza- related hospitalizations can be missed, either because testing is not performed, or because cases may be attributed to other causes of pneumonia or other common influenza- related complications. As of May 1. 3, 2. October 1, 2. 01. April 3. 0, 2. 01. The overall hospitalization rate was 6. The highest rate of hospitalization was among adults aged . Among 1. 8,1. 18 hospitalizations, 1. A virus, 3,8. 26 (2. B virus, 6. 0 (0. A virus and influenza B virus co- infection, and 7. Among those with influenza A subtype information, 5,1. A(H3. N2) and 1. 08 (2. A(H1. N1)pdm. 09 virus. Clinical findings are preliminary and based on 5,2. Among 4,9. 29 hospitalized adults with complete medical chart abstraction, 4,6. Among 3. 25 hospitalized children with complete medical chart abstraction, 1. Among the 3. 20 hospitalized women of childbearing age (1. While patients admitted after April 3. April 3. 0, 2. 01. Data from the Influenza Hospitalization Surveillance Network (Flu. Surv- NET), a population- based surveillance for influenza related hospitalizations in children and adults in 1. U. S. Cumulative incidence rates are calculated using the National Center for Health Statistics’ (NCHS) population estimates for the counties included in the surveillance catchment area. View Interactive Application . Outpatient Influenza- like Illness Surveillance Network (ILINet) were due to influenza- like illness (ILI). This percentage is below the national baseline of 2. All 1. 0 regions reported a proportion of outpatient visits for ILI below their region- specific baseline levels. Activity levels are based on the percent of outpatient visits in a state due to ILI and are compared to the average percent of ILI visits that occur during weeks with little or no influenza virus circulation. Activity levels range from minimal, which would correspond to ILI activity from outpatient clinics being below, or only slightly above, the average, to high, which would correspond to ILI activity from outpatient clinics being much higher than average. During week 1. 9, the following ILI activity levels were experienced: One state (Arizona) experienced low ILI activity. New York City, Puerto Rico, and 4. Will Walking 1. 0,0. Steps a Day Make You Fit? By Dr. Mercola. Wearable devices that monitor physical well- being and fitness are incredibly popular. The number sold is expected to increase from 1. Personally, I use the Jawbone UP2. Most of these devices come set with a default goal of 1. For instance, Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare recommends walking 8,0. UK National Obesity Forum recommends 7,0. Recent research showed that wearing a fitness- tracking wristband (the Fit. Bit One) did help overweight postmenopausal women increase their activity levels by nearly 4. Wearing a pedometer did not have such an effect. However, if you’re committed to making your 1. Walking 1. 0,0. 00 Daily Steps Is a Required Movement. Should you strive for 1. I view this as a basic requirement for optimal health, like drinking adequate amounts of water each day. Your body is designed for frequent movement and many researchers are now starting to reemphasize the importance of walking. According to Katy Bowman, a scientist and author of the book: Move Your DNA: Restore Your Health Through Natural Movement: 3“Walking is a superfood. It’s the defining movement of a human.”. For example, one study found that walking for two miles a day or more can cut your chances of hospitalization from a severe episode of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) by about half. Another study found that daily walking reduced the risk of stroke in men over the age of 6. Walking for at least an hour or two could cut a man’s stroke risk by as much as one- third, and it didn’t matter how brisk the pace was. Taking a three- hour long walk each day slashed the risk by two- thirds. The elderly and those struggling with chronic disease that prevents them from engaging in more strenuous fitness regimens would also do well to consider moving around more. While walking is often underestimated, studies show you can reap significant health benefits from it. However, as far as fitness goes, walking will only help you to get physically fit if you’re starting out very out of shape. Even then, as you get fitter, you will need to add exercise to your lifestyle, such as high- intensity interval training and strength training, to actually get fit. Walking Is Not a Form of Exercise. The older you get the more important it becomes. You can be very athletically fit, but if you are sitting all day with minimal walking or movement, your health will most definitely suffer. I personally walk about two hours a day or about 5. I do this barefoot without a shirt on at the beach and so am able to get my sun exposure and read two or three books a week. Multi- tasking like this allows me to easily justify the time investment. Most don't realize that walking burns the same amount of calories as running, it just takes longer. This includes strength training twice a week, HIIT twice a week with weights or on an elliptical machine, and a light 1. For those who are fit, walking is a phenomenal maintenance activity that will allow you to be healthy into old age. Just be sure you have someone knowledgeable seriously analyze your posture. They have lost much of their thoracic extension and are bent forward shuffling along. An excellent book that can help in this area is Natural Posture for Pain- Free Living by Kathleen Porter. Many People Don’t Get Close to 1. Steps a Day. Taking 1. Many people do not get close to reaching this goal, which is why fitness trackers can be so useful. According to the UK’s National Health Service (NHS), the average person only walks between 3,0. I recommend using a pedometer, or better yet, one of the newer wearable fitness trackers, to find out how far you normally walk. At first, you may be surprised to realize just how little you move each day. Tracking your steps can also show you how simple and seemingly minor changes to the way you move around at work can add up. You can break up your daily steps into any size increments that work for you. You might walk for one hour in the early morning, 3. Or you might enjoy taking shorter 2. Research even shows getting up and walking around for two minutes out of every hour can increase your lifespan by 3. Dr. James Levine, co- director of the Mayo Clinic and the Arizona State University Obesity Initiative, and author of the book Get Up! Why Your Chair Is Killing You and What You Can Do About It, actually recommends that you be up and moving for at least 1. Regular Daily Walking Helps to Counteract the Effects of Too Much Sitting. Part of what makes a goal of 1. Sitting for too long has been found to increase your risk of death from virtually all health problems, from type 2 diabetes and heart disease to cancer and all- cause mortality. But while exercise, especially short bursts of high- intensity activity, is crucial to optimal health, research suggests it can’t counteract the effects of too much sitting. In fact, chronic sitting has a mortality rate similar to smoking. The simplest way to avoid these negative health effects is to strive to sit less – ideally for less than three hours a day. A standing desk can help with this, as can frequent walking. Levine’s investigations show that when you’ve been sitting for a long period of time and then get up, a number of molecular cascades occur. For example, within 9. These cellular mechanisms are also responsible for pushing fuel into your cells and, if done regularly, will radically decrease your risk of diabetes and obesity. In short, at the molecular level, your body was designed to be active and on the move all day long. Walking Is Good Medicine. Walking may not boost your cardiovascular fitness or muscle strength significantly the way more intense exercise does, but it does offer other significant benefits. Taking a walk during your lunch hour can have a significant impact on your mood and help reduce work- related stresses, for instance. Walking was also found to improve quality of life for depressed middle- aged women. Those who averaged at least 2. They also reported feeling less pain. For many people, fitting in 1. You might try, for instance: Taking walks while making phone calls (use a wired headset or your phone’s speaker function)Walking a few laps around your office building before entering, and after leaving, the building. Using an evening walk as family time to catch up on your kids’ and spouse’s day. Having a walking buddy, such as a neighbor or even your dog, to keep you motivated. How to Kick Your Walking Up a Notch. High- intensity interval training (HIIT) has been shown to be one of the best forms of exercise in terms of both effectiveness and efficiency. It involves brief periods of intense activity followed by periods of rest. Ordinary walking does not qualify as a high- intensity workout, but it can be tweaked into one. For the last decade, Dr. Hiroshi Nose and colleagues at the Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine in Matsumoto, Japan, have developed walking programs for the elderly. Nose created a regimen of fast walking and gentle strolling, to see if this kind of program might provide greater fitness benefits than walking at a steady pace. The program consisted of repeated intervals of three minutes of fast walking, aiming for an exertion level of about six or seven on a scale of one to 1. The results turned out to be very promising. As reported by the New York Times: 1. In their original experiment, the results of which were published in 2. A separate group of older volunteers walked at a continuous, moderate pace, equivalent to about a 4 on the same exertion scale. After five months, the fitness and health of the older, moderate group had barely improved. The interval walkers, however, significantly improved aerobic fitness, leg strength and blood- pressure readings.”. In December 2. 01. Walking Barefoot Adds Another Element for Good Health If you can walk in a natural area, such as grass or on the beach, kick off your shoes while doing so. Walking barefoot on the sand or grass has additional benefits that go beyond that of walking, as this allows your body to absorb free electrons from the Earth through the soles of your feet, a practice known as grounding. These electrons have powerful antioxidant effects that can protect your body from inflammation and its many well- documented health consequences. For example, one scientific review published in the Journal of Environmental and Public Health concluded that grounding (walking barefoot on the earth) could improve a number of health conditions, including the following: 1. While I do recommend fitness trackers, don’t let a lack of one keep you from moving. A pedometer can be equally effective for a fraction of the cost. For instance, researchers found that simply wearing a pedometer daily for 1. And, as mentioned, pay attention to proper posture while you walk. Kathleen Porter’s Natural Posture for Pain- Free Living is an excellent starting point if you feel your posture could use some improvement. Buy all- new i. Mac with breakthrough improvements. Every Mac comes with a one- year limited warranty and up to 9. Extend your coverage to three years from your Mac original purchase date with the Apple. Care Protection Plan. You’ll get direct, one- stop access to Apple’s award- winning technical support for questions about your Mac, mac. OS, and Apple- branded applications such as Photos, i. Movie, Garage. Band, Pages, Numbers, Keynote, and more. In addition, you’ll get 2. Apple experts via chat or phone. You can even get local repair service when you visit other countries around the world.
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